Which of the following conditions could indicate an increase in PVR?

An increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) typically occurs in conditions where there is increased pressure within the pulmonary circulation. Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which directly leads to increased resistance within these vessels. This condition can result from various factors, including left heart diseases, lung diseases, or chronic hypoxia, all of which contribute to the narrowing or stiffening of the pulmonary vessels, thus elevating the resistance to blood flow.

In contrast, other options such as anemia, hypotension, and bradycardia do not inherently lead to an increase in PVR. Anemia often results in lower blood viscosity and can lead to decreased resistance, while hypotension typically indicates a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and does not directly affect PVR. Bradycardia, being a slower heart rate, also does not correlate with increased pulmonary vascular resistance.

Therefore, pulmonary hypertension represents a clear and direct cause for an increase in PVR, making it the correct choice in this context.