Which conditions can elevate CVP, PAP, PCWP, and QT, indicating pulmonary issues?

The choice indicating pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and air embolism is correct because each of these conditions directly impacts the pressures in the cardiovascular system, particularly relating to the pulmonary circulation.

Pulmonary embolism can obstruct blood flow in the pulmonary arteries, leading to elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and consequently affecting central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) due to changes in the hemodynamics of the right side of the heart. In patients with pulmonary hypertension, the increased resistance in the pulmonary vessels elevates these pressures as well. Air embolism, similar to a pulmonary embolism, can obstruct blood flow and lead to changes in these pressures.

Conditions like myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy primarily affect the left side of the heart and are more related to systemic circulation rather than the pulmonary pressures directly. Heart failure may impact pressures, but the specific conditions listed in this correct option more clearly highlight issues that arise specifically within the pulmonary system.

The other options present conditions that may lead to systemic cardiovascular issues, but they do not target the alterations in pulmonary pressures as directly as elevated CVP, PAP, and PCWP, which are associated with the pulmonary complications given in the correct answer.