What is the normal range for cardiac output (QT)?

The normal range for cardiac output, typically measured in liters per minute, is indeed 4-8 L/min. This range reflects the amount of blood that the heart pumps in one minute and is critical for ensuring that adequate oxygen and nutrients are delivered throughout the body.

Factors such as age, sex, body size, and physical condition can influence cardiac output, but the stated range is widely accepted in clinical practice. It is important to understand that values significantly outside this range can indicate potential cardiovascular issues. While lower figures can suggest decreased heart function or hypovolemia, higher values may point to conditions such as septic shock or hyperdynamic circulation. Thus, recognizing the normal range is essential for assessing a patient's hemodynamic status and guiding further clinical decisions.