What does pectus excavatum refer to in terms of physical anatomy?

Pectus excavatum refers specifically to a condition characterized by a depression or inward indentation of part of the sternum, often resulting in a sunken appearance in the chest wall. This anatomical abnormality typically occurs during childhood and can vary in severity, influencing both cosmetic appearance and, in some cases, respiratory function.

Understanding pectus excavatum is crucial for differentiating it from other conditions. For instance, an anterior protrusion of the sternum relates to pectus carinatum, where the sternum is displaced outward, while lateral curvature of the spine pertains to scoliosis. Similarly, convex curvature refers to kyphosis, which involves an exaggerated forward rounding of the back. Each of these conditions impacts the body in distinct ways, emphasizing the importance of precise terminology in anatomy.