What does a Mantoux test or PPD test determine the presence of?

The Mantoux test, also known as the PPD (purified protein derivative) test, is specifically designed to determine if a person has been exposed to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). During this test, a small amount of PPD is injected intradermally, usually on the forearm. After 48 to 72 hours, the injection site is examined for a reaction, which indicates whether the immune system has responded to the TB proteins.

A positive reaction suggests that the person has been exposed to TB, although it does not confirm that they currently have an active infection. It is an important screening tool in public health for identifying individuals who may need further evaluation for tuberculosis. This usefulness in assessing TB exposure distinguishes it from the other conditions listed, making it the correct answer.