Hypokalemia can occur due to which of the following factors?

Hypokalemia, which is a lower-than-normal level of potassium in the blood, can indeed occur as a result of metabolic alkalosis. In metabolic alkalosis, the body’s pH level becomes elevated, which often results in a shift of potassium from the extracellular space into the cells to help maintain acid-base balance. This movement of potassium into the cells can lead to decreased serum potassium levels, contributing to hypokalemia.

While dehydration can lead to electrolyte imbalances, it typically causes hyperkalemia due to the concentration of potassium in a reduced volume of plasma. Increased potassium intake would not cause hypokalemia; instead, it would raise serum potassium levels. Similarly, low sodium intake is not a direct cause of hypokalemia, as sodium and potassium balance are regulated through different mechanisms, primarily involving renal function and aldosterone action. Thus, when metabolic alkalosis occurs, the shifting dynamics of potassium are a significant factor leading to hypokalemia.