How is kyphosis characterized?

Kyphosis is characterized by a convex curvature of the spine, specifically in the thoracic region. This condition results in an exaggerated forward rounding of the back, causing a hunchback appearance. The excessive curvature can lead to postural issues, discomfort, and potential complications with respiratory function due to the effects on the thoracic cavity. While the other conditions described relate to different spinal deformities or abnormalities, only the convex curvature accurately describes the nature of kyphosis.